Product Details

This apparatus is designed to visually study two-dimensional seepage and groundwater flow, allowing students to graphically determine flow nets and observe the effects of water pressure on structures like sheet piles, foundations, and retaining walls. It provides a practical method for analyzing how water moves through permeable media and interacts with civil engineering structures. The unit consists of a large transparent tank filled with sand, featuring a tempered glass viewing window for clear observation. It includes interchangeable models such as a sheet pile, a retaining wall, and a foundation, and uses a contrast medium like ink to make streamlines visible. The system is equipped with 14 tube manometers to measure groundwater levels and pressure distribution, and it operates as a closed water circuit with an adjustable pump and storage tank. Height-adjustable overflows control the upstream and downstream water levels to simulate various hydraulic conditions. Its primary application is in geotechnical and civil engineering education for teaching seepage analysis and foundation design. The key benefit is the direct visualization of complex flow patterns and pressure fields, enabling students to construct flow nets, understand uplift forces, and assess the stability of earth structures, which is crucial for designing dams, levees, and excavation support systems.